Vuba aha, Ubuyapani bwasohoye amabwiriza: guhera muri Kamena 2022, amaduka y’amatungo agomba gushyiraho imashini zikoresha amashanyarazi mu matungo yagurishijwe. Mbere, Ubuyapani bwasabaga injangwe n'imbwa byatumijwe mu mahanga kugira ngo bikoreshe mikorobe. Nko mu Kwakira gushize, Shenzhen, mu Bushinwa, yashyize mu bikorwa “Amabwiriza ya Shenzhen yerekeranye no kwimika tagi ya elegitoroniki ku mbwa (Ikigeragezo)”, kandi imbwa zose zidafite chip zizafatwa nk'imbwa zitabifitiye uburenganzira. Kuva mu mpera zumwaka ushize, Shenzhen imaze kugera ku micungire y’imbwa rfid chip.

Amateka yo gusaba hamwe nuburyo bugezweho bwibikoresho byamatungo. Mubyukuri, gukoresha mikorobe ku nyamaswa ntibisanzwe. Ubworozi burayikoresha kugirango yandike amakuru yinyamaswa. Abahanga mu binyabuzima bashira mikorobe mu nyamaswa zo mu gasozi nk'amafi n'inyoni hagamijwe ubumenyi. Ubushakashatsi, no kubushyira mubitungwa birashobora kubuza inyamanswa gutakara. Kugeza ubu, ibihugu byo ku isi bifite amahame atandukanye yo gukoresha amatungo magufi ya RFID: Ubufaransa bwavuze mu 1999 ko imbwa zirengeje amezi ane zigomba guterwa mikorobe, naho muri 2019, gukoresha mikorobe ku njangwe na byo ni itegeko; Nouvelle-Zélande yasabye ko imbwa z’inyamanswa zaterwa mu 2006. Muri Mata 2016, Ubwongereza bwasabye imbwa zose guterwa mikorobe; Chili yashyize mu bikorwa itegeko rigenga uburyo bwo gutunga amatungo mu mwaka wa 2019, kandi injangwe n’imbwa bigera kuri miliyoni byatewe mikorobe.

Ikoranabuhanga rya RFID ingano yumuceri

Igikoko cy'inyamanswa rfid ntabwo ari ubwoko bwibintu bikozwe mu mpapuro zimeze nk'abantu benshi batekereza (nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo 1), ahubwo ni ishusho ya silindrike isa n'umuceri muremure, ushobora kuba muto nka mm 2 z'umurambararo na 10 mm mu burebure (nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 2). . Iyi chip ntoya "ingano z'umuceri" ni tagi ukoresheje RFID (Ikoranabuhanga rya Radio Frequency Identification Technology), kandi amakuru ari imbere arashobora kuyasoma akoresheje "umusomyi" runaka (Ishusho 3).

By'umwihariko, iyo chip yatewe, kode y'indangamuntu irimo hamwe namakuru yindangamuntu yumworozi azahambirwa kandi abike mububiko bwibitaro byamatungo cyangwa umuryango utabara. Mugihe umusomyi akoreshwa mukumva itungo ritwaye chip, soma Igikoresho kizakira indangamuntu hanyuma wandike kode mububiko kugirango umenye nyiracyo.

Haracyariho ibyumba byinshi byiterambere mu isoko ryamatungo

Nk’uko bigaragara muri “2020 Inganda Zitungwa n’inyamanswa”, umubare w’imbwa n’injangwe n’amatungo mu mijyi y’Ubushinwa warenze miliyoni 100 umwaka ushize, ugera kuri miliyoni 10.84. Hamwe n’ubwiyongere bukabije bw’umuturage n’ubwiyongere bw’amarangamutima y’urubyiruko, bivugwa ko mu 2024, Ubushinwa buzaba bufite miliyoni 248 z’injangwe n’imbwa.

Isosiyete ikora ubujyanama ku isoko Frost & Sullivan yatangaje ko muri 2019, hari miliyoni 50 z’amatungo ya RFID, muri zo miliyoni 15RFIDibirahuri by'ikirahure, Miliyoni 3 zimpeta ibirenge, naho ibindi byari amatwi. Muri 2019, igipimo cy’isoko ry’amatungo ya RFID kigeze kuri miliyoni 207.1 Yuan, bingana na 10.9% by’isoko rito rya RFID.

Gushyira mikorobe mu matungo ntabwo bibabaza cyangwa bihenze

Uburyo bwo gutera mikorobe mikorobe ni inshinge zo mu nsi, ubusanzwe inyuma yinyuma, aho imitsi yububabare idatera imbere, nta anesteya ikenewe, kandi injangwe nimbwa ntibizababaza cyane. Mubyukuri, abafite amatungo benshi bazahitamo guhagarika amatungo yabo. Shyira chip mu matungo icyarimwe, itungo rero ntacyo rizumva urushinge.

Mubikorwa byo gushiramo amatungo ya chip, nubwo urushinge rwa syringe ari runini cyane, gahunda ya siliconisation ijyanye nibicuruzwa byubuvuzi nubuzima nibicuruzwa bya laboratoire, bishobora kugabanya kurwanya no gutera inshinge byoroshye. Mubyukuri, ingaruka ziterwa no gutera mikorobe mu matungo zirashobora kuva amaraso byigihe gito no guta umusatsi.

Kugeza ubu, amafaranga yo guterwa mikorobe yo mu rugo ahanini ari muri 200. Ubuzima bwa serivisi ni burebure nkimyaka 20, nukuvuga, mubihe bisanzwe, itungo rikenera gusa gushiramo chip rimwe mubuzima bwe.

Byongeye kandi, microchip yamatungo ntabwo ifite imikorere ihagaze, ariko igira uruhare mukwandika amakuru, bishobora kongera amahirwe yo kubona injangwe cyangwa imbwa yazimiye. Niba imikorere yimyanya isabwa, umukufi wa GPS urashobora gutekerezwa. Ariko yaba ari kugenda injangwe cyangwa imbwa, inkundura nubuzima.