Igisobanuro cyibanze cyikarita yo kugenzura uburyo bwambere bwo kugenzura ubwenge bwubwenge bugizwe na host, umusomyi wikarita hamwe nugufunga amashanyarazi (ongeramo mudasobwa nuhindura itumanaho mugihe uhujwe numuyoboro). Umusomyi w'amakarita nuburyo bwo gusoma ikarita idahuza, kandi ufite ikarita ashobora gushyira ikarita gusa mubasomyi Umusomyi wikarita ya Mifare ashobora kumva ko hari ikarita kandi akayobora amakuru (nimero yikarita) mukarita kubakira. Uwakiriye abanza gusuzuma ikarita itemewe, hanyuma ahitamo gufunga umuryango. Inzira zose zirashobora kugera kubikorwa byo kugenzura ibikorwa igihe cyose ziri murwego rwo guhanagura amakarita yemewe. Umusomyi wikarita yashyizwe murukuta kuruhande rwumuryango, ibyo ntibigire ingaruka kumurimo. Kandi binyuze mumashanyarazi y'itumanaho (RS485) hamwe na mudasobwa yo kugenzura igihe nyacyo (inzugi zose zirashobora gukingurwa / gufungwa namabwiriza ya mudasobwa, kandi imiterere yinzugi zose zishobora kurebwa mugihe nyacyo), gukemura amakuru, kubaza, kwinjiza raporo, n'ibindi

Uwitekaikarita yo kwinjirani ikarita ikoreshwa muri sisitemu yo kugenzura, nka pass, ikarita yo kwinjira, ikarita yo guhagarara, ikarita yabanyamuryango, nibindi.; mbere yuko ikarita yo kwinjira ihabwa umukoresha wa nyuma, yashyizweho nubuyobozi bwa sisitemu kugirango hamenyekane agace gakoreshwa nuburenganzira bwabakoresha, kandi uyikoresha arashobora kuyikoreshaikarita yo kugenzurairahanagurwa kugirango yinjire mu buyobozi, kandi abakoresha badafite ikarita yo kugenzura cyangwa batabiherewe uburenganzira ntibashobora kwinjira mu buyobozi.

Hamwe nogukomeza gushimangira imyumvire yubuyobozi bwibigo, uburyo bwo kuyobora bushingiye kumikoreshereze yamakarita buragenda bwiyongera. Ikarita ya barcode, amakarita yumurongo wa magneti, hamwe nindangamuntu yumuntu, nkuburyo bwo gukora irondo, kugenzura ibyinjira, amafaranga, parikingi, imiyoborere yamakipe, nibindi, bikora inshingano zabo zidasanzwe hanze yubuyobozi bwabaturage bafite ubwenge. Ariko, nkuko imikorere yo gucunga amakarita yagiye ihagarara, kubera ko imipaka yimikorere yamakarita gakondo idashobora guhura nibikenerwa na karita-imwe-imwe, birakenewe ko wongera amakarita kuri nyirayo buri gihe kugirango uhuze ibikenewe. imicungire yumutungo, nkamakarita yinjira, amakarita yumusaruro, amakarita yo kugenzura, amakarita ya parikingi, amakarita yabanyamuryango, nibindi, ntabwo byongera amafaranga yubuyobozi gusa, ahubwo binongera ingorane kuri buri nyirubwite gucunga amakarita ya buri wese, rimwe na rimwe ndetse "amakarita menshi". . Kubwibyo, mugice-cyo hanze, nyuma ya 2010, ubwoko bwikarita yingenzi igomba kuba YayoMifareikarita, ariko iterambere ryikarita ya CPU nayo irihuta cyane, nicyerekezo. Mifare ikarita no kugera kugenzura RFID Iminyururu y'urufunguzo ifite intera nini ya porogaramu. Ku ruhande rumwe, umutekano wacyo uri hejuru; kurundi ruhande, bizana ibyoroshye kuri karita-imwe-imwe. Umwanya, gukoresha, kwitabira, irondo, umuyoboro wubwenge, nibindi byinjijwe muri sisitemu imwe, kandi imikorere yikarita-imwe-imwe irashobora kugerwaho nta guhuza.

Ihame ni ukubera ko hari chip yitwa RFID imbere. Iyo tunyuze ku musomyi w'ikarita hamwe n'ikarita irimo chip ya RFID, imiyoboro ya electromagnetiki yoherejwe n'umusomyi w'ikarita izatangira gusoma amakuru mu ikarita. Ibisobanuro biri imbere ntabwo bishobora gusomwa gusa, kandi birashobora no kwandikwa no guhindurwa. Kubwibyo, ikarita ya chip ntabwo ari urufunguzo gusa, ahubwo ni indangamuntu ya elegitoronike cyangwa kwinjira kuri ControlRFID Iminyururu.

Kuberako mugihe wanditse amakuru yawe wenyine muri chip, urashobora kumenya uwinjira nuwusoma ikarita.
Ikoranabuhanga rimwe naryo rikoreshwa muri chip yo kurwanya ubujura mu maduka n'ibindi.

Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwikarita yo kugenzura, ishobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro byinshi ukurikije ibikoresho byatoranijwe. Ingero zo gutondekanya amakarita yo kugenzura arangije:
Ukurikije imiterere
Ukurikije imiterere, igabanijwemo amakarita asanzwe hamwe namakarita yihariye. Ikarita isanzwe ni ikarita yubunini bwikarita mpuzamahanga, kandi ubunini bwayo ni 85.5mm × 54mm × 0,76mm. Muri iki gihe, icapiro ntirigarukira ku bunini bitewe n’ibikenewe ku giti cye, ibyo bikaba byaratumye hagaragara amakarita menshi "adasanzwe" y'ubwoko bwose mu bihugu byo ku isi. Twise ubu bwoko bwikarita idasanzwe-amakarita.
Ubwoko bw'ikarita
a) Ikarita ya Magnetique (indangamuntu): Inyungu ni igiciro gito; ikarita imwe kuri buri muntu, umutekano rusange, irashobora guhuzwa na mudasobwa, kandi ifite inyandiko zifungura umuryango. Ikibi nuko ikarita, ibikoresho byambarwa, kandi ubuzima ni bugufi; ikarita iroroshye kwigana; ntabwo byoroshye kugenzura inzira ebyiri. Amakuru yamakarita yatakaye byoroshye kubera magnetiki yo hanze, bigatuma ikarita itemewe.
b) Ikarita yumurongo wa radio (IC ikarita): Akarusho nuko ikarita idafite aho ihuriye nigikoresho, gufungura umuryango biroroshye kandi bifite umutekano; kuramba, amakuru yubumenyi byibuze imyaka icumi; umutekano mwinshi, urashobora guhuzwa na mudasobwa, hamwe nugukingura urugi; irashobora kugera kubintu bibiri; ikarita iragoye Yandukuwe. Ikibi nuko ikiguzi kiri hejuru.
Ukurikije intera yo gusoma
1.
2, Ikarita yo kugenzura yinjira, ikarita yo kugenzura irashobora kurangiza umurimo wo guhanagura ikarita murwego rwo kwiyumvamo sisitemu yo kugenzura

Ikarita yo kugenzura ni ubwoko bwamakarita akurikira: Ikarita ya EM4200, Igenzura rya RFID

Keyfobs, ikarita ya Mifare, ikarita ya TM, ikarita ya CPU nibindi. Kugeza ubu, amakarita ya EM 4200 hamwe namakarita ya Mifare afite hafi ya yose yo kugenzura ikarita yo kugenzura. Kubwibyo, iyo duhisemo ikarita yo gusaba, nibyiza guhitamo ikarita ya EM cyangwa ikarita ya Mifare nkikarita yacu nkuru. Kuberako andi makarita adakunze gukoreshwa, yaba akuze yikoranabuhanga cyangwa guhuza ibikoresho, bizatuzanira ibibazo byinshi. Hamwe no kugabanuka kwumugabane wisoko, amakarita byanze bikunze ntazavaho buhoro buhoro kumasoko yacu yo gusaba nyuma yigihe runaka. Muri iki kibazo, gusana, kwagura, no guhindura sisitemu yo kugenzura bizana ibibazo bitunguranye.
Mubyukuri, kubisanzwe bigenzura kugenzura, ikarita ya EM ntagushidikanya ni ubwoko bwiza bwikarita yo kugenzura. Irangwa namakarita maremare yo gusoma, umugabane mwinshi ku isoko, hamwe na tekinike ikuze. Ariko imbogamizi nini yubu bwoko bwikarita nuko ari ikarita isomwa gusa. Niba turi ku irembo kandi dukeneye ibikorwa byo kwishyuza cyangwa kugurisha, ubwo bwoko bwikarita mubyukuri nta mbaraga nkeya.
Kubakoresha bafite imicungire yimikoreshereze bakeneye, niba hari inyandiko zoroshye cyangwa kwimurwa bisabwa, noneho ikarita ya Mifare irahagije. Byumvikane ko, niba dukeneye ibindi bisobanuro birambuye biranga cyangwa ibikorwa byubucuruzi mugukoresha sisitemu yo kugenzura uburyo, noneho ikarita ya CPU ishyigikiwe nikoranabuhanga rigezweho ifite umutekano ukomeye kuruta ikarita ya Mifare gakondo. Mugihe kirekire, amakarita ya CPU agenda yangiza isoko rya karita ya Mifare.